EGFR, also known as ERBB, ERBB1 and HER1, is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the tyrosine protein kinase family. EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor. Binding of the protein to a ligand induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation. EGFR also directly...
RIPK3 is a kinase that controls necroptosis and apoptosis. In necroptosis, activated by TNF-α and ZBP1, RIPK3 phosphorylates MLKL, leading to membrane damage. Necroptosis is dependent on receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), a protein shown to play an important role in experimental models of critical illness. RIPK3 promotes kidney tubular injury...
B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, also known as Bcl-2, belongs to the Bcl-2 family. BCL2 blocks the apoptotic death of some cells such as lymphocytes. It also regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability and inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the...
Progranulin is also called Proepithelin and PC cell-derived growth factor. Cleavage of the signal peptide produces mature granulin which can be further cleaved into a variety of active, 6 kDa peptides. These smaller cleavage products are named granulin A, granulin B, granulin C, etc.
Defensins are cationic peptides. It is an important ingredient of the innate immune system. β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and epithelial surfaces. Four human β-Defensins have been identified to date: BD-1, BD-2, BD-3 and BD-4. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activities, they are chemoattractant towards immature dendritic cells and...
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF/VEGF-A) is originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF). VEGF-As are endothelial cell-specific mitogens with angiogenic and vascular permeability-inducing properties. It belongs to the PDGF family with a cysteine-knot structure comprised of eight conserved cysteine residues, and reckoned as a potent...
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF/VEGF-A) is originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF). VEGF-As are endothelial cell-specific mitogens with angiogenic and vascular permeability-inducing properties. It belongs to the PDGF family with a cysteine-knot structure comprised of eight conserved cysteine residues, and reckoned as a potent...
Interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL-1R1) is an interleukin receptor that belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. IL-1R1 is an important mediator involved in many cytokine induced immune and inflammatory responses. It binds to interleukin-1 associates with the corecptor IL1RAP to form the high affinity interleukin-1 receptor complex which mediates...